[postgis-users] ST_SPHEROID_LENGTH SLOW
David Vaz
davidvaz at dcc.fc.up.pt
Tue Oct 7 04:07:52 PDT 2008
I am unable to find any significant difference in the configurations,
and the 2 datasets are in fact equal. It might be a slight difference in
the configuration or even in compilation of postgres, but I am no expert
in this so I need some help. I have attached both configuration and
output of 'SHOW ALL'. I hope someone can give light on this subject. To
me it seems the problem is on the Postgres side as you pointed out.
Mark Cave-Ayland wrote:
> Hi David,
>
>> Hi,
>>
>> I am a debian user, several months ago debian testing introduced
>> postgresql-8.3, and later postgis 1.3 for postgresql-8.3. The problem I
>> am facing is that length_spheroid is much slower in postgres-8.3 from
>> under 1s to about 60s (See Bellow). I have google-it without any luck.
>> Does anyone have any idea on why this happens?
>
> Firstly it is not the length_spheroid function that is being slow here
> - the time is disappearing into the index scan on your primary key.
>
>> Both databases are equal, tested in same machine, with different
>> installations to avoid software versions conflicts.
>
> Something doesn't quite ring true here. Looking at your results below
> I see this:
>
>> FIRST:
>> postgresql-8.2 (version 8.2.7-2+b1) with postgis (version 1.3.2-1)
>
> (cut)
>
>> -> Index Scan using test_pkey on test (cost=0.00..2268.52
>> rows=13010 width=26054) (actual time=1.850..588.298 rows=100 loops=1)
> ^^^^^
> (cut)
>
>> SECOND:
>> postgresql-8.3 (version 8.3.3-1) with postgis (version 1.3.3-3)
>
>> -> Index Scan using test_pkey on test (cost=0.00..1137.11
>> rows=13010 width=104429) (actual time=182.732..59741.572 rows=100
>> loops=1)
> ^^^^^^
> The width parameter gives what PostgreSQL thinks is the average size
> of a row for this scan, and the two are clearly different - are you
> sure you have the same dataset on both systems?
>
> Also you haven't mentioned anything about comparing settings in
> postgresql.conf - are they the same, and are you definitely using
> autovacuum on both systems? If not, a "VACUUM FULL test; REINDEX TABLE
> test" may help if you are suffering from table/index bloat.
>
>
> HTH,
>
> Mark.
>
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name | setting | description
---------------------------------+------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
add_missing_from | off | Automatically adds missing table references to FROM clauses.
allow_system_table_mods | off | Allows modifications of the structure of system tables.
archive_command | | WAL archiving command.
archive_timeout | 0 | Forces a switch to the next xlog file if a new file has not been started within N seconds.
array_nulls | on | Enable input of NULL elements in arrays.
authentication_timeout | 1min | Sets the maximum time in seconds to complete client authentication.
autovacuum | on | Starts the autovacuum subprocess.
autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor | 0.1 | Number of tuple inserts, updates or deletes prior to analyze as a fraction of reltuples.
autovacuum_analyze_threshold | 250 | Minimum number of tuple inserts, updates or deletes prior to analyze.
autovacuum_freeze_max_age | 200000000 | Age at which to autovacuum a table to prevent transaction ID wraparound.
autovacuum_naptime | 1min | Time to sleep between autovacuum runs, in seconds.
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay | -1 | Vacuum cost delay in milliseconds, for autovacuum.
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit | -1 | Vacuum cost amount available before napping, for autovacuum.
autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor | 0.2 | Number of tuple updates or deletes prior to vacuum as a fraction of reltuples.
autovacuum_vacuum_threshold | 500 | Minimum number of tuple updates or deletes prior to vacuum.
backslash_quote | safe_encoding | Sets whether "\'" is allowed in string literals.
bgwriter_all_maxpages | 5 | Background writer maximum number of all pages to flush per round
bgwriter_all_percent | 0.333 | Background writer percentage of all buffers to flush per round
bgwriter_delay | 200ms | Background writer sleep time between rounds in milliseconds
bgwriter_lru_maxpages | 5 | Background writer maximum number of LRU pages to flush per round
bgwriter_lru_percent | 1 | Background writer percentage of LRU buffers to flush per round
block_size | 8192 | Shows size of a disk block
bonjour_name | | Sets the Bonjour broadcast service name.
check_function_bodies | on | Check function bodies during CREATE FUNCTION.
checkpoint_segments | 3 | Sets the maximum distance in log segments between automatic WAL checkpoints.
checkpoint_timeout | 5min | Sets the maximum time in seconds between automatic WAL checkpoints.
checkpoint_warning | 30s | Logs if filling of checkpoint segments happens more frequently than this (in seconds).
client_encoding | UTF8 | Sets the client's character set encoding.
client_min_messages | notice | Sets the message levels that are sent to the client.
commit_delay | 0 | Sets the delay in microseconds between transaction commit and flushing WAL to disk.
commit_siblings | 5 | Sets the minimum concurrent open transactions before performing commit_delay.
config_file | /etc/postgresql/8.2/main/postgresql.conf | Sets the server's main configuration file.
constraint_exclusion | off | Enables the planner to use constraints to optimize queries.
cpu_index_tuple_cost | 0.005 | Sets the planner's estimate of the cost of processing each index entry during an index scan.
cpu_operator_cost | 0.0025 | Sets the planner's estimate of the cost of processing each operator or function call.
cpu_tuple_cost | 0.01 | Sets the planner's estimate of the cost of processing each tuple (row).
custom_variable_classes | | Sets the list of known custom variable classes.
data_directory | /var/lib/postgresql/8.2/main | Sets the server's data directory.
DateStyle | ISO, MDY | Sets the display format for date and time values.
db_user_namespace | off | Enables per-database user names.
deadlock_timeout | 1s | The time in milliseconds to wait on lock before checking for deadlock.
debug_assertions | off | Turns on various assertion checks.
debug_pretty_print | off | Indents parse and plan tree displays.
debug_print_parse | off | Prints the parse tree to the server log.
debug_print_plan | off | Prints the execution plan to server log.
debug_print_rewritten | off | Prints the parse tree after rewriting to server log.
default_statistics_target | 10 | Sets the default statistics target.
default_tablespace | | Sets the default tablespace to create tables and indexes in.
default_transaction_isolation | read committed | Sets the transaction isolation level of each new transaction.
default_transaction_read_only | off | Sets the default read-only status of new transactions.
default_with_oids | off | Create new tables with OIDs by default.
dynamic_library_path | $libdir | Sets the path for dynamically loadable modules.
effective_cache_size | 128MB | Sets the planner's assumption about size of the disk cache.
enable_bitmapscan | on | Enables the planner's use of bitmap-scan plans.
enable_hashagg | on | Enables the planner's use of hashed aggregation plans.
enable_hashjoin | on | Enables the planner's use of hash join plans.
enable_indexscan | on | Enables the planner's use of index-scan plans.
enable_mergejoin | on | Enables the planner's use of merge join plans.
enable_nestloop | on | Enables the planner's use of nested-loop join plans.
enable_seqscan | on | Enables the planner's use of sequential-scan plans.
enable_sort | on | Enables the planner's use of explicit sort steps.
enable_tidscan | on | Enables the planner's use of TID scan plans.
escape_string_warning | on | Warn about backslash escapes in ordinary string literals.
explain_pretty_print | on | Uses the indented output format for EXPLAIN VERBOSE.
external_pid_file | /var/run/postgresql/8.2-main.pid | Writes the postmaster PID to the specified file.
extra_float_digits | 0 | Sets the number of digits displayed for floating-point values.
from_collapse_limit | 8 | Sets the FROM-list size beyond which subqueries are not collapsed.
fsync | on | Forces synchronization of updates to disk.
full_page_writes | on | Writes full pages to WAL when first modified after a checkpoint.
geqo | on | Enables genetic query optimization.
geqo_effort | 5 | GEQO: effort is used to set the default for other GEQO parameters.
geqo_generations | 0 | GEQO: number of iterations of the algorithm.
geqo_pool_size | 0 | GEQO: number of individuals in the population.
geqo_selection_bias | 2 | GEQO: selective pressure within the population.
geqo_threshold | 12 | Sets the threshold of FROM items beyond which GEQO is used.
gin_fuzzy_search_limit | 0 | Sets the maximum allowed result for exact search by GIN.
hba_file | /etc/postgresql/8.2/main/pg_hba.conf | Sets the server's "hba" configuration file
ident_file | /etc/postgresql/8.2/main/pg_ident.conf | Sets the server's "ident" configuration file
ignore_system_indexes | off | Disables reading from system indexes.
integer_datetimes | on | Datetimes are integer based.
join_collapse_limit | 8 | Sets the FROM-list size beyond which JOIN constructs are not flattened.
krb_caseins_users | off | Sets whether Kerberos user names should be treated as case-insensitive.
krb_server_hostname | | Sets the hostname of the Kerberos server.
krb_server_keyfile | FILE:/etc/postgresql/krb5.keytab | Sets the location of the Kerberos server key file.
krb_srvname | postgres | Sets the name of the Kerberos service.
lc_collate | en_US.UTF-8 | Shows the collation order locale.
lc_ctype | en_US.UTF-8 | Shows the character classification and case conversion locale.
lc_messages | en_US.UTF-8 | Sets the language in which messages are displayed.
lc_monetary | en_US.UTF-8 | Sets the locale for formatting monetary amounts.
lc_numeric | en_US.UTF-8 | Sets the locale for formatting numbers.
lc_time | en_US.UTF-8 | Sets the locale for formatting date and time values.
listen_addresses | localhost | Sets the host name or IP address(es) to listen to.
local_preload_libraries | | Lists shared libraries to preload into each backend.
log_connections | off | Logs each successful connection.
log_destination | stderr | Sets the destination for server log output.
log_directory | pg_log | Sets the destination directory for log files.
log_disconnections | off | Logs end of a session, including duration.
log_duration | off | Logs the duration of each completed SQL statement.
log_error_verbosity | default | Sets the verbosity of logged messages.
log_executor_stats | off | Writes executor performance statistics to the server log.
log_filename | postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log | Sets the file name pattern for log files.
log_hostname | off | Logs the host name in the connection logs.
log_line_prefix | %t | Controls information prefixed to each log line
log_min_duration_statement | -1 | Sets the minimum execution time in milliseconds above which statements will be logged.
log_min_error_statement | error | Causes all statements generating error at or above this level to be logged.
log_min_messages | notice | Sets the message levels that are logged.
log_parser_stats | off | Writes parser performance statistics to the server log.
log_planner_stats | off | Writes planner performance statistics to the server log.
log_rotation_age | 1d | Automatic log file rotation will occur after N minutes
log_rotation_size | 10MB | Automatic log file rotation will occur after N kilobytes
log_statement | none | Sets the type of statements logged.
log_statement_stats | off | Writes cumulative performance statistics to the server log.
log_truncate_on_rotation | off | Truncate existing log files of same name during log rotation.
maintenance_work_mem | 16MB | Sets the maximum memory to be used for maintenance operations.
max_connections | 100 | Sets the maximum number of concurrent connections.
max_files_per_process | 1000 | Sets the maximum number of simultaneously open files for each server process.
max_fsm_pages | 153600 | Sets the maximum number of disk pages for which free space is tracked.
max_fsm_relations | 1000 | Sets the maximum number of tables and indexes for which free space is tracked.
max_function_args | 100 | Shows the maximum number of function arguments.
max_identifier_length | 63 | Shows the maximum identifier length
max_index_keys | 32 | Shows the maximum number of index keys.
max_locks_per_transaction | 64 | Sets the maximum number of locks per transaction.
max_prepared_transactions | 5 | Sets the maximum number of simultaneously prepared transactions.
max_stack_depth | 2MB | Sets the maximum stack depth, in kilobytes.
password_encryption | on | Encrypt passwords.
port | 5432 | Sets the TCP port the server listens on.
post_auth_delay | 0 | Waits N seconds on connection startup after authentication.
pre_auth_delay | 0 | no description available
random_page_cost | 4 | Sets the planner's estimate of the cost of a nonsequentially fetched disk page.
redirect_stderr | off | Start a subprocess to capture stderr output into log files.
regex_flavor | advanced | Sets the regular expression "flavor".
search_path | "$user",public | Sets the schema search order for names that are not schema-qualified.
seq_page_cost | 1 | Sets the planner's estimate of the cost of a sequentially fetched disk page.
server_encoding | UTF8 | Sets the server (database) character set encoding.
server_version | 8.2.7 | Shows the server version.
server_version_num | 80207 | Shows the server version as an integer.
shared_buffers | 24MB | Sets the number of shared memory buffers used by the server.
shared_preload_libraries | | Lists shared libraries to preload into server.
silent_mode | off | Runs the server silently.
sql_inheritance | on | Causes subtables to be included by default in various commands.
ssl | on | Enables SSL connections.
standard_conforming_strings | off | '...' strings treat backslashes literally.
statement_timeout | 0 | Sets the maximum allowed duration (in milliseconds) of any statement.
stats_block_level | off | Collects block-level statistics on database activity.
stats_command_string | on | Collects information about executing commands.
stats_reset_on_server_start | off | Zeroes collected statistics on server restart.
stats_row_level | on | Collects row-level statistics on database activity.
stats_start_collector | on | Starts the server statistics-collection subprocess.
superuser_reserved_connections | 3 | Sets the number of connection slots reserved for superusers.
syslog_facility | LOCAL0 | Sets the syslog "facility" to be used when syslog enabled.
syslog_ident | postgres | Sets the program name used to identify PostgreSQL messages in syslog.
tcp_keepalives_count | 0 | Maximum number of TCP keepalive retransmits.
tcp_keepalives_idle | 0 | Seconds between issuing TCP keepalives.
tcp_keepalives_interval | 0 | Seconds between TCP keepalive retransmits.
temp_buffers | 1024 | Sets the maximum number of temporary buffers used by each session.
TimeZone | Portugal | Sets the time zone for displaying and interpreting time stamps.
timezone_abbreviations | Default | Selects a file of time zone abbreviations
trace_notify | off | Generates debugging output for LISTEN and NOTIFY.
trace_sort | off | Emit information about resource usage in sorting.
transaction_isolation | read committed | Sets the current transaction's isolation level.
transaction_read_only | off | Sets the current transaction's read-only status.
transform_null_equals | off | Treats "expr=NULL" as "expr IS NULL".
unix_socket_directory | /var/run/postgresql | Sets the directory where the Unix-domain socket will be created.
unix_socket_group | | Sets the owning group of the Unix-domain socket.
unix_socket_permissions | 511 | Sets the access permissions of the Unix-domain socket.
update_process_title | on | Updates the process title to show the active SQL command.
vacuum_cost_delay | 0 | Vacuum cost delay in milliseconds.
vacuum_cost_limit | 200 | Vacuum cost amount available before napping.
vacuum_cost_page_dirty | 20 | Vacuum cost for a page dirtied by vacuum.
vacuum_cost_page_hit | 1 | Vacuum cost for a page found in the buffer cache.
vacuum_cost_page_miss | 10 | Vacuum cost for a page not found in the buffer cache.
vacuum_freeze_min_age | 100000000 | Minimum age at which VACUUM should freeze a table row.
wal_buffers | 64kB | Sets the number of disk-page buffers in shared memory for WAL.
wal_sync_method | fdatasync | Selects the method used for forcing WAL updates out to disk.
work_mem | 1MB | Sets the maximum memory to be used for query workspaces.
zero_damaged_pages | off | Continues processing past damaged page headers.
(176 rows)
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# -----------------------------
# PostgreSQL configuration file
# -----------------------------
#
# This file consists of lines of the form:
#
# name = value
#
# (The '=' is optional.) White space may be used. Comments are introduced
# with '#' anywhere on a line. The complete list of option names and
# allowed values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation. The
# commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
#
# Please note that re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it
# to the default value, unless you restart the server.
#
# Any option can also be given as a command line switch to the server,
# e.g., 'postgres -c log_connections=on'. Some options can be changed at
# run-time with the 'SET' SQL command.
#
# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a
# SIGHUP. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
# server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload". Some
# settings, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart
# to take effect.
#
# Memory units: kB = kilobytes MB = megabytes GB = gigabytes
# Time units: ms = milliseconds s = seconds min = minutes h = hours d = days
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FILE LOCATIONS
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command line
# switch or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.
data_directory = '/var/lib/postgresql/8.2/main' # use data in another directory
# (change requires restart)
hba_file = '/etc/postgresql/8.2/main/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file
# (change requires restart)
ident_file = '/etc/postgresql/8.2/main/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file
# (change requires restart)
# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
external_pid_file = '/var/run/postgresql/8.2-main.pid' # write an extra PID file
# (change requires restart)
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Connection Settings -
#listen_addresses = 'localhost' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
# comma-separated list of addresses;
# defaults to 'localhost', '*' = all
# (change requires restart)
port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart)
# Note: increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per
# connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction). You
# might also need to raise shared_buffers to support more connections.
#superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)
unix_socket_directory = '/var/run/postgresql' # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # octal
# (change requires restart)
#bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name
# (change requires restart)
# - Security & Authentication -
#authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s
ssl = true # (change requires restart)
#password_encryption = on
#db_user_namespace = off
# Kerberos
#krb_server_keyfile = '' # (change requires restart)
#krb_srvname = 'postgres' # (change requires restart)
#krb_server_hostname = '' # empty string matches any keytab entry
# (change requires restart)
#krb_caseins_users = off # (change requires restart)
# - TCP Keepalives -
# see 'man 7 tcp' for details
#tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT;
# 0 selects the system default
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Memory -
shared_buffers = 24MB # min 128kB or max_connections*16kB
# (change requires restart)
#temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB
#max_prepared_transactions = 5 # can be 0 or more
# (change requires restart)
# Note: increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory
# per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
#work_mem = 1MB # min 64kB
#maintenance_work_mem = 16MB # min 1MB
#max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB
# - Free Space Map -
max_fsm_pages = 153600 # min max_fsm_relations*16, 6 bytes each
# (change requires restart)
#max_fsm_relations = 1000 # min 100, ~70 bytes each
# (change requires restart)
# - Kernel Resource Usage -
#max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 25
# (change requires restart)
#shared_preload_libraries = '' # (change requires restart)
# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -
#vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-1000 milliseconds
#vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 0-10000 credits
# - Background writer -
#bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds
#bgwriter_lru_percent = 1.0 # 0-100% of LRU buffers scanned/round
#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 5 # 0-1000 buffers max written/round
#bgwriter_all_percent = 0.333 # 0-100% of all buffers scanned/round
#bgwriter_all_maxpages = 5 # 0-1000 buffers max written/round
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WRITE AHEAD LOG
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Settings -
#fsync = on # turns forced synchronization on or off
#wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option
# supported by the operating system:
# open_datasync
# fdatasync
# fsync
# fsync_writethrough
# open_sync
#full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes
#wal_buffers = 64kB # min 32kB
# (change requires restart)
#commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds
#commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000
# - Checkpoints -
#checkpoint_segments = 3 # in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each
#checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1h
#checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 is off
# - Archiving -
#archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment
#archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this
# many seconds; 0 is off
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# QUERY TUNING
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Planner Method Configuration -
#enable_bitmapscan = on
#enable_hashagg = on
#enable_hashjoin = on
#enable_indexscan = on
#enable_mergejoin = on
#enable_nestloop = on
#enable_seqscan = on
#enable_sort = on
#enable_tidscan = on
# - Planner Cost Constants -
#seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale
#random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above
#cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above
#cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above
#cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above
#effective_cache_size = 128MB
# - Genetic Query Optimizer -
#geqo = on
#geqo_threshold = 12
#geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10
#geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort
#geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort
#geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0
# - Other Planner Options -
#default_statistics_target = 10 # range 1-1000
#constraint_exclusion = off
#from_collapse_limit = 8
#join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit
# JOINs
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Where to Log -
#log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of
# stderr, syslog and eventlog,
# depending on platform.
# This is used when logging to stderr:
#redirect_stderr = off # Enable capturing of stderr into log
# files
# (change requires restart)
# These are only used if redirect_stderr is on:
#log_directory = 'pg_log' # Directory where log files are written
# Can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
#log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # Log file name pattern.
# Can include strftime() escapes
#log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, any existing log file of the same
# name as the new log file will be
# truncated rather than appended to. But
# such truncation only occurs on
# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
# or size-driven rotation. Default is
# off, meaning append to existing files
# in all cases.
#log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that time. 0 to
# disable.
#log_rotation_size = 10MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that much log
# output. 0 to disable.
# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
#syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
#syslog_ident = 'postgres'
# - When to Log -
#client_min_messages = notice # Values, in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# log
# notice
# warning
# error
#log_min_messages = notice # Values, in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# info
# notice
# warning
# error
# log
# fatal
# panic
#log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages
#log_min_error_statement = error # Values in order of increasing severity:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# info
# notice
# warning
# error
# fatal
# panic (effectively off)
#log_min_duration_statement = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
# and their durations.
#silent_mode = off # DO NOT USE without syslog or
# redirect_stderr
# (change requires restart)
# - What to Log -
#debug_print_parse = off
#debug_print_rewritten = off
#debug_print_plan = off
#debug_pretty_print = off
#log_connections = off
#log_disconnections = off
#log_duration = off
log_line_prefix = '%t ' # Special values:
# %u = user name
# %d = database name
# %r = remote host and port
# %h = remote host
# %p = PID
# %t = timestamp (no milliseconds)
# %m = timestamp with milliseconds
# %i = command tag
# %c = session id
# %l = session line number
# %s = session start timestamp
# %x = transaction id
# %q = stop here in non-session
# processes
# %% = '%'
# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
#log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all
#log_hostname = off
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RUNTIME STATISTICS
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Query/Index Statistics Collector -
#stats_command_string = on
#update_process_title = on
#stats_start_collector = on # needed for block or row stats
# (change requires restart)
#stats_block_level = off
stats_row_level = on
#stats_reset_on_server_start = off # (change requires restart)
# - Statistics Monitoring -
#log_parser_stats = off
#log_planner_stats = off
#log_executor_stats = off
#log_statement_stats = off
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
autovacuum = on # enable autovacuum subprocess?
# 'on' requires stats_start_collector
# and stats_row_level to also be on
#autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs
#autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 500 # min # of tuple updates before
# vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 250 # min # of tuple updates before
# analyze
#autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of rel size before
# vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of rel size before
# analyze
#autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = -1 # default vacuum cost delay for
# autovacuum, -1 means use
# vacuum_cost_delay
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
# autovacuum, -1 means use
# vacuum_cost_limit
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Statement Behavior -
#search_path = '"$user",public' # schema names
#default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses
# the default
#check_function_bodies = on
#default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
#default_transaction_read_only = off
#statement_timeout = 0 # 0 is disabled
#vacuum_freeze_min_age = 100000000
# - Locale and Formatting -
datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
#timezone = unknown # actually, defaults to TZ
# environment setting
#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # select the set of available timezone
# abbreviations. Currently, there are
# Default
# Australia
# India
# However you can also create your own
# file in share/timezonesets/.
#extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 2
#client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
# encoding
# These settings are initialized by initdb -- they might be changed
lc_messages = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for system error message
# strings
lc_monetary = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for monetary formatting
lc_numeric = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for number formatting
lc_time = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for time formatting
# - Other Defaults -
#explain_pretty_print = on
#dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'
#local_preload_libraries = ''
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCK MANAGEMENT
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#deadlock_timeout = 1s
#max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
# (change requires restart)
# Note: each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are
# max_locks_per_transaction * (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions)
# lock table slots.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Previous Postgres Versions -
#add_missing_from = off
#array_nulls = on
#backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding
#default_with_oids = off
#escape_string_warning = on
#standard_conforming_strings = off
#regex_flavor = advanced # advanced, extended, or basic
#sql_inheritance = on
# - Other Platforms & Clients -
#transform_null_equals = off
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#custom_variable_classes = '' # list of custom variable class names
-------------- next part --------------
name | setting | description
---------------------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
add_missing_from | off | Automatically adds missing table references to FROM clauses.
allow_system_table_mods | off | Allows modifications of the structure of system tables.
archive_command | (disabled) | Sets the shell command that will be called to archive a WAL file.
archive_mode | off | Allows archiving of WAL files using archive_command.
archive_timeout | 0 | Forces a switch to the next xlog file if a new file has not been started within N seconds.
array_nulls | on | Enable input of NULL elements in arrays.
authentication_timeout | 1min | Sets the maximum allowed time to complete client authentication.
autovacuum | on | Starts the autovacuum subprocess.
autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor | 0.1 | Number of tuple inserts, updates or deletes prior to analyze as a fraction of reltuples.
autovacuum_analyze_threshold | 50 | Minimum number of tuple inserts, updates or deletes prior to analyze.
autovacuum_freeze_max_age | 200000000 | Age at which to autovacuum a table to prevent transaction ID wraparound.
autovacuum_max_workers | 3 | Sets the maximum number of simultaneously running autovacuum worker processes.
autovacuum_naptime | 1min | Time to sleep between autovacuum runs.
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay | 20ms | Vacuum cost delay in milliseconds, for autovacuum.
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit | -1 | Vacuum cost amount available before napping, for autovacuum.
autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor | 0.2 | Number of tuple updates or deletes prior to vacuum as a fraction of reltuples.
autovacuum_vacuum_threshold | 50 | Minimum number of tuple updates or deletes prior to vacuum.
backslash_quote | safe_encoding | Sets whether "\'" is allowed in string literals.
bgwriter_delay | 200ms | Background writer sleep time between rounds.
bgwriter_lru_maxpages | 100 | Background writer maximum number of LRU pages to flush per round.
bgwriter_lru_multiplier | 2 | Background writer multiplier on average buffers to scan per round.
block_size | 8192 | Shows the size of a disk block.
bonjour_name | | Sets the Bonjour broadcast service name.
check_function_bodies | on | Check function bodies during CREATE FUNCTION.
checkpoint_completion_target | 0.5 | Time spent flushing dirty buffers during checkpoint, as fraction of checkpoint interval.
checkpoint_segments | 3 | Sets the maximum distance in log segments between automatic WAL checkpoints.
checkpoint_timeout | 5min | Sets the maximum time between automatic WAL checkpoints.
checkpoint_warning | 30s | Enables warnings if checkpoint segments are filled more frequently than this.
client_encoding | SQL_ASCII | Sets the client's character set encoding.
client_min_messages | notice | Sets the message levels that are sent to the client.
commit_delay | 0 | Sets the delay in microseconds between transaction commit and flushing WAL to disk.
commit_siblings | 5 | Sets the minimum concurrent open transactions before performing commit_delay.
config_file | /etc/postgresql/8.3/main/postgresql.conf | Sets the server's main configuration file.
constraint_exclusion | off | Enables the planner to use constraints to optimize queries.
cpu_index_tuple_cost | 0.005 | Sets the planner's estimate of the cost of processing each index entry during an index scan.
cpu_operator_cost | 0.0025 | Sets the planner's estimate of the cost of processing each operator or function call.
cpu_tuple_cost | 0.01 | Sets the planner's estimate of the cost of processing each tuple (row).
custom_variable_classes | | Sets the list of known custom variable classes.
data_directory | /var/lib/postgresql/8.3/main | Sets the server's data directory.
DateStyle | ISO, MDY | Sets the display format for date and time values.
db_user_namespace | off | Enables per-database user names.
deadlock_timeout | 1s | Sets the time to wait on a lock before checking for deadlock.
debug_assertions | off | Turns on various assertion checks.
debug_pretty_print | off | Indents parse and plan tree displays.
debug_print_parse | off | Prints the parse tree to the server log.
debug_print_plan | off | Prints the execution plan to server log.
debug_print_rewritten | off | Prints the parse tree after rewriting to server log.
default_statistics_target | 10 | Sets the default statistics target.
default_tablespace | | Sets the default tablespace to create tables and indexes in.
default_text_search_config | pg_catalog.english | Sets default text search configuration.
default_transaction_isolation | read committed | Sets the transaction isolation level of each new transaction.
default_transaction_read_only | off | Sets the default read-only status of new transactions.
default_with_oids | off | Create new tables with OIDs by default.
dynamic_library_path | $libdir | Sets the path for dynamically loadable modules.
effective_cache_size | 128MB | Sets the planner's assumption about the size of the disk cache.
enable_bitmapscan | on | Enables the planner's use of bitmap-scan plans.
enable_hashagg | on | Enables the planner's use of hashed aggregation plans.
enable_hashjoin | on | Enables the planner's use of hash join plans.
enable_indexscan | on | Enables the planner's use of index-scan plans.
enable_mergejoin | on | Enables the planner's use of merge join plans.
enable_nestloop | on | Enables the planner's use of nested-loop join plans.
enable_seqscan | on | Enables the planner's use of sequential-scan plans.
enable_sort | on | Enables the planner's use of explicit sort steps.
enable_tidscan | on | Enables the planner's use of TID scan plans.
escape_string_warning | on | Warn about backslash escapes in ordinary string literals.
explain_pretty_print | on | Uses the indented output format for EXPLAIN VERBOSE.
external_pid_file | /var/run/postgresql/8.3-main.pid | Writes the postmaster PID to the specified file.
extra_float_digits | 0 | Sets the number of digits displayed for floating-point values.
from_collapse_limit | 8 | Sets the FROM-list size beyond which subqueries are not collapsed.
fsync | on | Forces synchronization of updates to disk.
full_page_writes | on | Writes full pages to WAL when first modified after a checkpoint.
geqo | on | Enables genetic query optimization.
geqo_effort | 5 | GEQO: effort is used to set the default for other GEQO parameters.
geqo_generations | 0 | GEQO: number of iterations of the algorithm.
geqo_pool_size | 0 | GEQO: number of individuals in the population.
geqo_selection_bias | 2 | GEQO: selective pressure within the population.
geqo_threshold | 12 | Sets the threshold of FROM items beyond which GEQO is used.
gin_fuzzy_search_limit | 0 | Sets the maximum allowed result for exact search by GIN.
hba_file | /etc/postgresql/8.3/main/pg_hba.conf | Sets the server's "hba" configuration file.
ident_file | /etc/postgresql/8.3/main/pg_ident.conf | Sets the server's "ident" configuration file.
ignore_system_indexes | off | Disables reading from system indexes.
integer_datetimes | on | Datetimes are integer based.
join_collapse_limit | 8 | Sets the FROM-list size beyond which JOIN constructs are not flattened.
krb_caseins_users | off | Sets whether Kerberos and GSSAPI user names should be treated as case-insensitive.
krb_realm | | Sets realm to match Kerberos and GSSAPI users against.
krb_server_hostname | | Sets the hostname of the Kerberos server.
krb_server_keyfile | FILE:/etc/postgresql-common/krb5.keytab | Sets the location of the Kerberos server key file.
krb_srvname | postgres | Sets the name of the Kerberos service.
lc_collate | C | Shows the collation order locale.
lc_ctype | C | Shows the character classification and case conversion locale.
lc_messages | C | Sets the language in which messages are displayed.
lc_monetary | C | Sets the locale for formatting monetary amounts.
lc_numeric | C | Sets the locale for formatting numbers.
lc_time | C | Sets the locale for formatting date and time values.
listen_addresses | localhost | Sets the host name or IP address(es) to listen to.
local_preload_libraries | | Lists shared libraries to preload into each backend.
log_autovacuum_min_duration | -1 | Sets the minimum execution time above which autovacuum actions will be logged.
log_checkpoints | off | Logs each checkpoint.
log_connections | off | Logs each successful connection.
log_destination | stderr | Sets the destination for server log output.
log_directory | pg_log | Sets the destination directory for log files.
log_disconnections | off | Logs end of a session, including duration.
log_duration | off | Logs the duration of each completed SQL statement.
log_error_verbosity | default | Sets the verbosity of logged messages.
log_executor_stats | off | Writes executor performance statistics to the server log.
log_filename | postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log | Sets the file name pattern for log files.
log_hostname | off | Logs the host name in the connection logs.
log_line_prefix | %t | Controls information prefixed to each log line.
log_lock_waits | off | Logs long lock waits.
log_min_duration_statement | -1 | Sets the minimum execution time above which statements will be logged.
log_min_error_statement | error | Causes all statements generating error at or above this level to be logged.
log_min_messages | notice | Sets the message levels that are logged.
log_parser_stats | off | Writes parser performance statistics to the server log.
log_planner_stats | off | Writes planner performance statistics to the server log.
log_rotation_age | 1d | Automatic log file rotation will occur after N minutes.
log_rotation_size | 10MB | Automatic log file rotation will occur after N kilobytes.
log_statement | none | Sets the type of statements logged.
log_statement_stats | off | Writes cumulative performance statistics to the server log.
log_temp_files | -1 | Log the use of temporary files larger than this number of kilobytes.
log_timezone | Portugal | Sets the time zone to use in log messages.
log_truncate_on_rotation | off | Truncate existing log files of same name during log rotation.
logging_collector | off | Start a subprocess to capture stderr output and/or csvlogs into log files.
maintenance_work_mem | 16MB | Sets the maximum memory to be used for maintenance operations.
max_connections | 100 | Sets the maximum number of concurrent connections.
max_files_per_process | 1000 | Sets the maximum number of simultaneously open files for each server process.
max_fsm_pages | 153600 | Sets the maximum number of disk pages for which free space is tracked.
max_fsm_relations | 1000 | Sets the maximum number of tables and indexes for which free space is tracked.
max_function_args | 100 | Shows the maximum number of function arguments.
max_identifier_length | 63 | Shows the maximum identifier length.
max_index_keys | 32 | Shows the maximum number of index keys.
max_locks_per_transaction | 64 | Sets the maximum number of locks per transaction.
max_prepared_transactions | 5 | Sets the maximum number of simultaneously prepared transactions.
max_stack_depth | 2MB | Sets the maximum stack depth, in kilobytes.
password_encryption | on | Encrypt passwords.
port | 5432 | Sets the TCP port the server listens on.
post_auth_delay | 0 | Waits N seconds on connection startup after authentication.
pre_auth_delay | 0 | Waits N seconds on connection startup before authentication.
random_page_cost | 4 | Sets the planner's estimate of the cost of a nonsequentially fetched disk page.
regex_flavor | advanced | Sets the regular expression "flavor".
search_path | "$user",public | Sets the schema search order for names that are not schema-qualified.
seq_page_cost | 1 | Sets the planner's estimate of the cost of a sequentially fetched disk page.
server_encoding | SQL_ASCII | Sets the server (database) character set encoding.
server_version | 8.3.3 | Shows the server version.
server_version_num | 80303 | Shows the server version as an integer.
session_replication_role | origin | Sets the session's behavior for triggers and rewrite rules.
shared_buffers | 24MB | Sets the number of shared memory buffers used by the server.
shared_preload_libraries | | Lists shared libraries to preload into server.
silent_mode | off | Runs the server silently.
sql_inheritance | on | Causes subtables to be included by default in various commands.
ssl | on | Enables SSL connections.
ssl_ciphers | ALL:!ADH:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH | Sets the list of allowed SSL ciphers.
standard_conforming_strings | off | Causes '...' strings to treat backslashes literally.
statement_timeout | 0 | Sets the maximum allowed duration of any statement.
superuser_reserved_connections | 3 | Sets the number of connection slots reserved for superusers.
synchronize_seqscans | on | Enable synchronized sequential scans.
synchronous_commit | on | Sets immediate fsync at commit.
syslog_facility | LOCAL0 | Sets the syslog "facility" to be used when syslog enabled.
syslog_ident | postgres | Sets the program name used to identify PostgreSQL messages in syslog.
tcp_keepalives_count | 0 | Maximum number of TCP keepalive retransmits.
tcp_keepalives_idle | 0 | Time between issuing TCP keepalives.
tcp_keepalives_interval | 0 | Time between TCP keepalive retransmits.
temp_buffers | 1024 | Sets the maximum number of temporary buffers used by each session.
temp_tablespaces | | Sets the tablespace(s) to use for temporary tables and sort files.
TimeZone | Portugal | Sets the time zone for displaying and interpreting time stamps.
timezone_abbreviations | Default | Selects a file of time zone abbreviations.
trace_notify | off | Generates debugging output for LISTEN and NOTIFY.
trace_sort | off | Emit information about resource usage in sorting.
track_activities | on | Collects information about executing commands.
track_counts | on | Collects statistics on database activity.
transaction_isolation | read committed | Sets the current transaction's isolation level.
transaction_read_only | off | Sets the current transaction's read-only status.
transform_null_equals | off | Treats "expr=NULL" as "expr IS NULL".
unix_socket_directory | /var/run/postgresql | Sets the directory where the Unix-domain socket will be created.
unix_socket_group | | Sets the owning group of the Unix-domain socket.
unix_socket_permissions | 511 | Sets the access permissions of the Unix-domain socket.
update_process_title | on | Updates the process title to show the active SQL command.
vacuum_cost_delay | 0 | Vacuum cost delay in milliseconds.
vacuum_cost_limit | 200 | Vacuum cost amount available before napping.
vacuum_cost_page_dirty | 20 | Vacuum cost for a page dirtied by vacuum.
vacuum_cost_page_hit | 1 | Vacuum cost for a page found in the buffer cache.
vacuum_cost_page_miss | 10 | Vacuum cost for a page not found in the buffer cache.
vacuum_freeze_min_age | 100000000 | Minimum age at which VACUUM should freeze a table row.
wal_buffers | 64kB | Sets the number of disk-page buffers in shared memory for WAL.
wal_sync_method | fdatasync | Selects the method used for forcing WAL updates to disk.
wal_writer_delay | 200ms | WAL writer sleep time between WAL flushes.
work_mem | 1MB | Sets the maximum memory to be used for query workspaces.
xmlbinary | base64 | Sets how binary values are to be encoded in XML.
xmloption | content | Sets whether XML data in implicit parsing and serialization operations is to be considered as documents or content fragments.
zero_damaged_pages | off | Continues processing past damaged page headers.
(189 rows)
-------------- next part --------------
# -----------------------------
# PostgreSQL configuration file
# -----------------------------
#
# This file consists of lines of the form:
#
# name = value
#
# (The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with
# "#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed
# values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
#
# The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
# Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
# you need to reload the server.
#
# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
# signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
# server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload". Some
# parameters, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart to
# take effect.
#
# Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
# "postgres -c log_connections=on". Some paramters can be changed at run time
# with the "SET" SQL command.
#
# Memory units: kB = kilobytes MB = megabytes GB = gigabytes
# Time units: ms = milliseconds s = seconds min = minutes h = hours d = days
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FILE LOCATIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
# option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.
data_directory = '/var/lib/postgresql/8.3/main' # use data in another directory
# (change requires restart)
hba_file = '/etc/postgresql/8.3/main/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file
# (change requires restart)
ident_file = '/etc/postgresql/8.3/main/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file
# (change requires restart)
# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
external_pid_file = '/var/run/postgresql/8.3-main.pid' # write an extra PID file
# (change requires restart)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Connection Settings -
#listen_addresses = 'localhost' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
# comma-separated list of addresses;
# defaults to 'localhost', '*' = all
# (change requires restart)
port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart)
# Note: Increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per
# connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction). You might
# also need to raise shared_buffers to support more connections.
#superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)
unix_socket_directory = '/var/run/postgresql' # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation
# (change requires restart)
#bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name
# (change requires restart)
# - Security and Authentication -
#authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s
ssl = true # (change requires restart)
#ssl_ciphers = 'ALL:!ADH:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH' # allowed SSL ciphers
# (change requires restart)
#password_encryption = on
#db_user_namespace = off
# Kerberos and GSSAPI
#krb_server_keyfile = '' # (change requires restart)
#krb_srvname = 'postgres' # (change requires restart, Kerberos only)
#krb_server_hostname = '' # empty string matches any keytab entry
# (change requires restart, Kerberos only)
#krb_caseins_users = off # (change requires restart)
#krb_realm = '' # (change requires restart)
# - TCP Keepalives -
# see "man 7 tcp" for details
#tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT;
# 0 selects the system default
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Memory -
shared_buffers = 24MB # min 128kB or max_connections*16kB
# (change requires restart)
#temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB
#max_prepared_transactions = 5 # can be 0 or more
# (change requires restart)
# Note: Increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory
# per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction).
#work_mem = 1MB # min 64kB
#maintenance_work_mem = 16MB # min 1MB
#max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB
# - Free Space Map -
max_fsm_pages = 153600 # min max_fsm_relations*16, 6 bytes each
# (change requires restart)
#max_fsm_relations = 1000 # min 100, ~70 bytes each
# (change requires restart)
# - Kernel Resource Usage -
#max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 25
# (change requires restart)
#shared_preload_libraries = '' # (change requires restart)
# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -
#vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-1000 milliseconds
#vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 1-10000 credits
# - Background Writer -
#bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds
#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100 # 0-1000 max buffers written/round
#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0 # 0-10.0 multipler on buffers scanned/round
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WRITE AHEAD LOG
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Settings -
#fsync = on # turns forced synchronization on or off
#synchronous_commit = on # immediate fsync at commit
#wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option
# supported by the operating system:
# open_datasync
# fdatasync
# fsync
# fsync_writethrough
# open_sync
#full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes
#wal_buffers = 64kB # min 32kB
# (change requires restart)
#wal_writer_delay = 200ms # 1-10000 milliseconds
#commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds
#commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000
# - Checkpoints -
#checkpoint_segments = 3 # in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each
#checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1h
#checkpoint_completion_target = 0.5 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
#checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 is off
# - Archiving -
#archive_mode = off # allows archiving to be done
# (change requires restart)
#archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment
#archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this
# time; 0 is off
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# QUERY TUNING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Planner Method Configuration -
#enable_bitmapscan = on
#enable_hashagg = on
#enable_hashjoin = on
#enable_indexscan = on
#enable_mergejoin = on
#enable_nestloop = on
#enable_seqscan = on
#enable_sort = on
#enable_tidscan = on
# - Planner Cost Constants -
#seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale
#random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above
#cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above
#cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above
#cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above
#effective_cache_size = 128MB
# - Genetic Query Optimizer -
#geqo = on
#geqo_threshold = 12
#geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10
#geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort
#geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort
#geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0
# - Other Planner Options -
#default_statistics_target = 10 # range 1-1000
#constraint_exclusion = off
#from_collapse_limit = 8
#join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit
# JOIN clauses
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Where to Log -
#log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of
# stderr, csvlog, syslog and eventlog,
# depending on platform. csvlog
# requires logging_collector to be on.
# This is used when logging to stderr:
#logging_collector = off # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
# into log files. Required to be on for
# csvlogs.
# (change requires restart)
# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
#log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written,
# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
#log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern,
# can include strftime() escapes
#log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, an existing log file of the
# same name as the new log file will be
# truncated rather than appended to.
# But such truncation only occurs on
# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
# or size-driven rotation. Default is
# off, meaning append to existing files
# in all cases.
#log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that time. 0 to disable.
#log_rotation_size = 10MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that much log output.
# 0 to disable.
# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
#syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
#syslog_ident = 'postgres'
# - When to Log -
#client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# log
# notice
# warning
# error
#log_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# info
# notice
# warning
# error
# log
# fatal
# panic
#log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages
#log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# info
# notice
# warning
# error
# log
# fatal
# panic (effectively off)
#log_min_duration_statement = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
# and their durations, > 0 logs only
# statements running at least this time.
#silent_mode = off # DO NOT USE without syslog or
# logging_collector
# (change requires restart)
# - What to Log -
#debug_print_parse = off
#debug_print_rewritten = off
#debug_print_plan = off
#debug_pretty_print = off
#log_checkpoints = off
#log_connections = off
#log_disconnections = off
#log_duration = off
#log_hostname = off
log_line_prefix = '%t ' # special values:
# %u = user name
# %d = database name
# %r = remote host and port
# %h = remote host
# %p = process ID
# %t = timestamp without milliseconds
# %m = timestamp with milliseconds
# %i = command tag
# %c = session ID
# %l = session line number
# %s = session start timestamp
# %v = virtual transaction ID
# %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
# %q = stop here in non-session
# processes
# %% = '%'
# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
#log_lock_waits = off # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
#log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all
#log_temp_files = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger
# than specified size;
# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
#log_timezone = unknown # actually, defaults to TZ environment
# setting
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RUNTIME STATISTICS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Query/Index Statistics Collector -
#track_activities = on
track_counts = on
#update_process_title = on
# - Statistics Monitoring -
#log_parser_stats = off
#log_planner_stats = off
#log_executor_stats = off
#log_statement_stats = off
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess? 'on'
# requires track_counts to also be on.
#log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1 # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
# their durations, > 0 logs only
# actions running at least that time.
#autovacuum_max_workers = 3 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses
#autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs
#autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
# vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
# analyze
#autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze
#autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20 # default vacuum cost delay for
# autovacuum, -1 means use
# vacuum_cost_delay
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
# autovacuum, -1 means use
# vacuum_cost_limit
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Statement Behavior -
#search_path = '"$user",public' # schema names
#default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses the default
#temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names, '' uses
# only default tablespace
#check_function_bodies = on
#default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
#default_transaction_read_only = off
#session_replication_role = 'origin'
#statement_timeout = 0 # 0 is disabled
#vacuum_freeze_min_age = 100000000
#xmlbinary = 'base64'
#xmloption = 'content'
# - Locale and Formatting -
datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
#timezone = unknown # actually, defaults to TZ environment
# setting
#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone
# abbreviations. Currently, there are
# Default
# Australia
# India
# You can create your own file in
# share/timezonesets/.
#extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 2
#client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
# encoding
# These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
lc_messages = 'C' # locale for system error message
# strings
lc_monetary = 'C' # locale for monetary formatting
lc_numeric = 'C' # locale for number formatting
lc_time = 'C' # locale for time formatting
# default configuration for text search
default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english'
# - Other Defaults -
#explain_pretty_print = on
#dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'
#local_preload_libraries = ''
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCK MANAGEMENT
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#deadlock_timeout = 1s
#max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
# (change requires restart)
# Note: Each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are
# max_locks_per_transaction * (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions)
# lock table slots.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -
#add_missing_from = off
#array_nulls = on
#backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding
#default_with_oids = off
#escape_string_warning = on
#regex_flavor = advanced # advanced, extended, or basic
#sql_inheritance = on
#standard_conforming_strings = off
#synchronize_seqscans = on
# - Other Platforms and Clients -
#transform_null_equals = off
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#custom_variable_classes = '' # list of custom variable class names